The children of Israel at al Israa surah in “the HOLY QURAAN "SURAH 17
‘
وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَىٰ تِسْعَ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ ۖ
فَاسْأَلْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِذْ جَاءَهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهُ فِرْعَوْنُ إِنِّي
لَأَظُنُّكَ يَا مُوسَىٰ مَسْحُورًا (101 :
The five mentioned in Al-Baqarah mean the flood and what is connected to it,
the hand, the staff, the years, and the loss of fruits. Something similar
was narrated from Al-Hasan, except that he makes the years and the loss of
fruits one, and he made the ninth, the staff swallowing usaid The signs mean miracles and evidence.
Ibn `Abbas and Al-Dahhak said: The nine signs are the staff, the hand, the
tongue, the sea, the flood, the locusts, the lice, the frogs, and the blood;
they are detailed signs. Al-Hasan and Al-Sha'bi
It
was said: :
We bear witness that you are a prophet.
He said: What prevents you from submitting to Islam? They said: David prayed to
Allah that there would always be prophets among his descendants, and we fear
that if we submit to Islam the Jews will kill us.
Abu `Eisa said: This is a good and authentic hadith. It
has already been mentioned in Surat Al-Baqarah.
and
he said said
: Do not associate anything with Allah, and do not commit adultery, and do not
kill the soul which Allah has forbidden, except by right, and do not steal, and
do not practice magic, and do not walk with an innocent person to the ruler to
kill him, and do not consume interest, and do not accuse a chaste woman, and do
not flee from battle - Shu`bah was not sure - and upon you Jews in particular
is not to transgress the Sabbath. So they kissed his hands and feet and blessings of Allah be upon him) (
peace The Messenger of Allah and asked him
about the statement of Allah, the Most High: And We had already given Moses
nine clear signs. peace
and blessings of Allah be upon him) ( the Prophet and
ask him.” He said: “Do not call him a prophet, for if he hears us, he will have
four eyes.” So they came to prophet “And
We had certainly given Moses nine clear signs.” There is a difference of
opinion regarding these signs. It was said that they mean the verses of the
Book, as At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa’i narrated on the authority of Safwan ibn
‘Assal Al-Muradi that two Jews said to one of them: “Let us go to this ’” Allah the Almighty said: “And We had certainly
given Moses nine clear signs, so ask the Children of Israel when he came to
them and Pharaoh said to him, ‘Indeed, I think, O Moses, that you are
bewitched. Allah
the Almighty said:
Al-Qurtubi’s
Interpretation: The meaning of verse 101 of Surat Al-Isra
Allah the Almighty informs us that He sent Moses with nine clear
signs, which are the conclusive evidence of the truth of his prophethood and
his truthfulness in what he informed about the one who sent him to Pharaoh.
They are: the staff, the hand, the years, the sea, the flood, the locusts, the
lice, the frogs, and the blood. These are detailed signs; this was said by Ibn
Abbas.
Muhammad ibn Ka’b said: They are the hand, the staff, the five in “Al-A’raf,”
the obliteration, and the stone.
Ibn Abbas also said, as well as Mujahid, Ikrimah, Al-Sha’bi, and Qatadah: They
are his hand, his staff, the years, the loss of fruits, the flood, the locusts,
the lice, the frogs, and the blood.
This statement is clear, obvious, good, and strong. Al-Hasan Al-Basri considered
“the years and the loss of fruits” to be one, and he believes that the ninth
is: The staff swallows up what they fabricate. { But they were arrogant and were a criminal people } [ Al-A`raf : 133 ] meaning: Despite these signs and their witnessing of them, they
disbelieved in them and denied them, and their souls were certain of them
unjustly and arrogantly, and they did not benefit them. So likewise, if We had
answered those who asked of You, asked and said: { We will not believe in you until you cause a spring to gush forth
for us from the earth } [ Al-Isra’ :
90 ] to the end of it, they would not have responded nor
believed unless Allah willed, as Pharaoh said to Moses - and he had seen from
him what he had seen of these signs - { Indeed,
I think, O Moses, that you are bewitched }
It was said: meaning a magician. And Allah knows best. These nine verses
mentioned by these imams are the ones intended here, and they are the ones
meant in the words of God Almighty: { And
throw down your staff. But when he saw it writhing as if it were a serpent, he
turned in flight and did not look back. O Moses, fear not. Indeed, no
messengers fear in My presence, except one who has done wrong and then
substituted good for evil. Indeed, I am Forgiving and Merciful. And put your hand into the bosom
of your garment; it will come out white without disease. These are nine signs
to Pharaoh and his people. Indeed, they were a people of wickedness. } [ An-Naml : 10-12 ]. So He mentioned these two verses: the staff and the
hand, and explained the remaining verses in “Surat Al-A’raf” and separated
them. Moses, peace be upon him, was given many other signs, including
striking the stone with his staff, and rivers flowing from it, and shading them
with clouds, and sending down manna and quails, and other things that the
Children of Israel were given after they left the land of Egypt. However, here
he mentioned the nine signs that Pharaoh and his people from the people of
Egypt witnessed, and they were an argument against them, but they opposed them
and were stubborn about them out of disbelief and denial. As for the hadith
narrated by Imam [ Ahmad ]: Yazid told us, Shu’bah told us, on the authority
of Amr ibn Murrah, who said: I heard Abdullah ibn Salamah narrating, on the
authority of Safwan ibn ‘Assal al-Muradi, may God be pleased with him, who
said: A Jew said to his companion: Let us go to this Prophet [ peace be upon him ]
so that we may ask him about this verse: { And
We had certainly given Moses nine clear signs }.
He said: Do not call him a Prophet, for if he had heard you, he would have four
eyes. So they asked him, and the Prophet, may
God bless him and grant him peace , said : “Do not
associate anything with God, do not steal, do not commit adultery, do not kill
a soul that God has forbidden except by right, do not practice magic, do not
consume usury, do not walk with an innocent person to a person in authority to
kill him, and do not accuse a chaste woman - or he said: do not flee from the
battle - Shu`bah the doubter - and you Jews, you are especially required not to
transgress on the Sabbath.” So they kissed his hands and feet, and said: We
bear witness that you are a prophet.
He said: “What prevents you from following me?” They said:
“Because David, peace be upon him, prayed that there would always be a prophet
from his descendants , and we fear
that if we become Muslim, the Jews will kill us.
” This hadith was narrated in this way by al-Tirmidhi, al-Nasa’i, Ibn Majah,
and Ibn Jarir in his Tafsir, through various chains of transmission on the
authority of Shu’bah ibn al-Hajjaj. Al-Tirmidhi said : It is a good
and authentic hadith.
It is a problematic hadith, and ‘Abdullah ibn Salamah has some issues with his
memory, and they have spoken about him. Perhaps he confused the nine verses
with the ten words, because they are commandments in the Torah that have
nothing to do with establishing proof against Pharaoh, and Allah knows best.
For this reason, Moses said to Pharaoh:
And We gave Moses nine clear signs, so ask my children :
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
What is meant by the
nine signs in the words of Allah the Most High : “And We had
certainly given Moses nine clear signs…”
: the staff, the hand, the years, the sea, the flood, the locusts, the lice,
the frogs, and the blood.
This was said by Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, and others.
These signs have been mentioned in other places in the Holy Qur’an, including
the words of Allah the Most High : “So he threw down his staff, and
behold, it was a serpent evident.
And he drew out his hand, and behold, it was white to the observers.”
And His saying - the Blessed and Most High - : And We had certainly seized the
people of Pharaoh with years of famine and a loss of fruits... And His
saying - the Most High - : So We inspired Moses, "Strike the sea
with your staff," and it parted, and each portion was like a great
mountain.
And His saying - the Almighty - : So We sent upon them the flood and the locusts and the
lice and the frogs and the blood - as distinct signs, but they were arrogant
and were a criminal people. Meaning:
Do not think, O noble Messenger, that the faith of these polytheists among
your people is dependent on your answering what they asked of you. And
what they suggested to you, that you cause a spring to gush forth for them from
the earth, or that you have a garden of palm trees and grapes, etc. Do not
think that: for miracles, no matter how great, do not create faith in the
hearts of ungrateful and spiteful people. The evidence for this is that We gave
your brother Moses nine miracles, which clearly indicate the truthfulness of
his prophethood, but these miracles only increased the stubbornness of his
people in their disbelief and filth upon their filth. So be patient, O
Messenger, with the stubbornness and harm of your people, as the resolute
messengers before you were patient. The limitation of the verses to nine does not
negate the fact that there were other miracles that Allah, the Blessed and Exalted ,
gave to Moses, peace be upon him, as it is known to the scholars of the
principles of jurisprudence that specifying a number by mentioning does not
indicate the negation of anything more than that. Imam Ibn Kathir said in
his interpretation of this verse: This statement - narrated from Ibn Abbas and
others - is clear, obvious, good and strong. These nine verses mentioned by
these imams are what is meant here... Moses - peace be upon him - was
given many other verses, including: his striking the stone with a staff, and
the water coming out of it... and other things that the Children of Israel were
given after their exodus from Egypt, but what is mentioned here are these nine
verses that Pharaoh and his people from the people of Egypt witnessed and were
an argument against them, so they opposed them and defied them out of disbelief
and denial. Then he said: Imam Ahmad said : Yazid told us, Shu’bah told us on the
authority of Amr ibn Murrah, who said: I heard Abdullah ibn Salamah narrating
on the authority of Safwan ibn Assal al-Muradi, who said: A Jew said to his
companion: Let us go to this prophet so that we may ask him about this verse:
“And We had certainly given Moses nine clear signs…” So they asked him.
The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: “ Do not associate anything
with God, do not steal, do not commit adultery, do not kill a soul which God
has forbidden except by right, do not mock, do not consume usury, do not walk
with an innocent person to a man of authority to kill him, do not accuse a
chaste woman, and do not flee from battle .” So they kissed his hands and
feet… Then he said: “ As for this hadith, it is a problematic hadith.”
gainst Pharaoh...
The
truth is that what Imam Ibn
Kathir preferred, that what is meant by the nine verses here is
what Allah, the Blessed and Exalted , gave to His Prophet Moses, peace be upon him, of the
staff and the hand...
is what the soul finds peace with, because His statement, the Blessed and Exalted, after
that, “You have certainly known that none has sent down these except the Lord
of the heavens and the earth as insights...”
supports that what is meant by them is what came before of the staff, the hand,
and the years... and because they are what contain the arguments, proofs, and
miracles indicating the truthfulness of Moses, peace be upon him.
As for those commandments that were mentioned in the hadith, they have nothing
to do with establishing proof against Pharaoh, as Imam Ibn
Kathir said .
This, and the address in His saying - the
Blessed and Exalted -: So ask the
Children of Israel when it came to them, some of them think that it is for the
Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and those asked are the
believers from the Children of Israel such as Abdullah bin Salam and his
companions.
According to this interpretation, His saying when it came to them is a
circumstance of His saying We gave, and the sentence So ask the Children of
Israel is an interjection between the agent and the acted upon. The meaning
is : And We gave Moses nine clear
signs, at the time when God - the
Blessed and Exalted - sent him to
Pharaoh and his people, so ask - O noble Messenger - the believers from the
Children of Israel about that, and you will find from them the answer to what
happened between Moses and his enemies through what they read in the Torah.
The purpose of asking them is to cite them as evidence so that the believers
may increase in faith upon their faith, because the evidence, if it is combined
and multiple, is stronger and more steadfast in supporting the claim.
Al-Alusi said: The meaning is: So ask, O Muhammad, the believers of the People of the
Book about that, either because the convergence of evidence is stronger - in
establishing - or for the sake of provocation and incitement, or to indicate
that it is a matter that is established for them and established in their Book.
The intended meaning is not the actual question. Rather , it is
that they - I mean the ones being asked - are among the people of his
knowledge, and for this reason, the likes of you are commanded to ask them.
Others believe that the address is to Moses - peace be upon him - and
accordingly the question is either in its well-known meaning or in the sense of
a request, and his saying, when he came to them, is a circumstance for an
implied verb. The meaning
is : And We gave Moses nine clear
signs, so We said to him when he came to the Children of Israel: Ask them about
their situation with Pharaoh, or ask them to believe in you and believe you,
and go out with you when you ask Pharaoh to do that.
The fa in his saying: Then Pharaoh said to him, "Indeed, I think, O Moses,
that you are bewitched" is the eloquent one. The meaning
is : Moses obeyed our command, and
asked the Children of Israel about their condition, and asked Pharaoh to send
them with him, after he showed him miracles that indicated his truthfulness. So
Pharaoh said to Moses, in a way of arrogance and belittling him - peace be upon
him -: O Moses, I think you are bewitched.
That is: you have been bewitched, so your mind has become confused and
disturbed, and you have begun to act in a way that contradicts sound reason,
and you make claims that do not indicate sound thinking. So
his saying bewitched is a passive participle.
It is said: So-and-so
bewitched so-and-so, so he is bewitched, if his mind has become confused.
It is possible that his saying “bewitched” means magician, so the meaning would be: I
think you, O Moses, are a magician, knowledgeable in the arts of magic, for you
have done amazing things. He is referring to the staff turning into a snake
after he threw it - peace be upon him.
This is the way of tyrants in every time and place, when they see that the truth
has begun to surround them and expose their misguidance and lies...
they accuse its people - falsely and slanderously - of every shortcoming. up what they fabricated .
The same was narrated from Malik, except that he replaced the years and the loss of fruits with the sea and the mountain. Muhammad ibn Ka'b
said : They are the five mentioned in Al- A'raf : the sea, the staff, the stone, and the obliteration of their wealth.
The explanation of these verses has been given in full, praise be to Allah.
So ask the Children of Israel when Moses came to them, i.e. ask them, O Muhammad, when Moses came to them with these signs, as was explained in Yunus .
This is a question of inquiry so that the Jews may know the truth of what Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, is saying . So
Pharaoh said to him: I think, O Moses, that you are bewitched, i.e. a magician with the strange things you do; this was said by Al-Farra' and Abu Ubaidah. So
the object was put in place of the subject, as you say: This is ominous and auspicious, i.e. ominous and auspicious.
It was also said: deceived.
It was said: defeated; he said: a fighter.
And something else was said; and it was mentioned before.
And on the authority of Ibn Abbas and Abu Nahik that they read: “The Children of Israel were asked” as a report; that is, Moses asked Pharaoh to release the Children of Israel and set them free and send them with him.
references
التفسير الوسيط "
INTERMEDIATE EXPLANATION
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