Jewish tribes left for the Hijaz following the Judeo-Roman wars and took up agriculture, improving their cultural and economic conditions.
In the fifth century, they traveled to Yathrib, and Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani wrote in the Book of Songs that the Jews arrived in the Hijaz following wars between Jews and the Romans. The Jews farmed in Yathrib, planting palm trees and grains, a feature that enabled them to prosper economically.
As the Aws and Khazraj tribes entered Medina, they became at enmity. For a period of about a hundred years before the year 620. The Banu al-Nadir and the Banu Qurayza allied with the Aws.
The Banu Qaynqa sided with the Khazraj. The Aws, Khazraj and their Jewish allies entered into four wars. It was the deadliest and bloodiest day of Baath.
The Banu Qurayza had a military force that dominated the city and its vicinity, where they also practiced the manufacture of types of weapons.
In 622, the Prophet Muhammad migrated to Yathrib, holding the Medina newspaper between Muslims and non-Muslim residents of Yathrib. Among them is the master of Bani Qurayza Kaab bin Asad, and stipulated that the Jews have their religion, and the Muslims have their religion, and they are alliances if they fight and not to betray each other. As the number of Muslims increased, relations between them and the Jews soured.
In 627, when the Quraysh and their allies besieged the city in the Battle of the Trench, the Jews of Banu Qurayza betrayed the Muslims and allied themselves with the polytheists, so after the defeat of the Quraysh and its allies, the Muslims besieged the tribe of Qurayza. Eventually, the Banu Qurayza surrendered, their men were killed, and their women and children were taken captive.
Subsequently, the Muslims expelled the Banu Qaynqa from the city. Arise entered into conflict with the Banu al-Nadir and then expelled them as well.
Battle of the Trench
In the fifth year of the Hijra, the Quraysh allied themselves with some of them, including the Banu al-Nadir, to conquer the city and lay siege to it. The Banu Qurayza preferred neutrality by providing the city's defenders with shovels and shovels to dig a defensive trench to defend the city. But it later changed its position, entering into negotiations with parties.
During the siege, the Banu Qurayza received Hayy ibn Akhtab, the master of Banu al-Nadir, who instigated the On this alliance between his tribe with the Quraysh and Ghatfan. Ka'b bin Asad persuaded to help the parties. Kaab was initially reluctant and argued that Muhammad had not broken the covenant with them, but decided to lend support to the parties after Hayy promised him to join the Banu Qurayza in Medina, if the parties returned to Mecca without victory.
Rumours of the betrayal of the Banu Qurayza spread and were confirmed by the messengers of the Prophet Sa'd ibn Mu'adh and Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah. This alarmed Muslims because it meant the collapse of the city's defenses. The Prophet Na'im ibn Mas'ud commanded, He is one of Ghatfan's masters, who had secretly converted to Islam, to go to the besieged and thwart the alliance plan between them. Na'im went to the Banu Qurayza and advised them not to join the Muslim fight unless the besiegers were taken hostage from among their leaders. He then rushed to the parties and warned them that if the Banu Qurayza asked for the hostages, it was because they intended to hand them over to the Muslims. When the representatives of the Quraysh and Ghatfan came to Bani Qurayza, they asked forFor support in battle, the Banu Qurayza asked for hostages. The representatives of the besieged refused, and negotiations failed. The Banu Qurayza did not support the besieging forces. The attackers thus failed to form a second battlefront against the city's defenders.
Siege and surrender
On the day of the withdrawal of the alliances, Muhammad was told that the revelation had come to him to fight the Banu Qurayza. The Banu Qurayza adhered to their fortresses and endured the siege for 25 days. Ka'b ibn Asad proposed three ways out of the impasse: converting to Islam, surrendering, or fighting. Instead, they asked to consult with Abu Lubaba, one of their allies from al-Aws. Abu Lubaba advised them to surrender out of pity for women and children. But he pointed "with his hand towards his neck, indicating that the Muslims will slaughter them." The next morning, the Banu Qurayza surrendered and the Prophet Muhammad ordered his army to slaughter the tribesmen. Their property was confiscated, while the approximately 1,000 women and children were taken captive.
The end of Banu Qurayza
Imprisonment and killing of Bani Qurayza
The Banu Qurayza surrendered after the Muslims besieged them, and then Sa'd ibn Mu'adh sentenced men to slaughter and captivate women after the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) agreed. Ibn Ishaq said: Then they went down and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) locked them up in Madinah in the house of Bint al-Harith, a woman from Bani al-Najjar, then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) went out to the market of Madinah, which is his market today, and he ditched trenches with trenches, then he sent for them, and he struck their necks in those trenches, bringing them to him as messengers, and they were six hundred or seven hundred, and the multitude of them says they were between eight hundred and nine hundred.
After that, Muhammad ordered to kill everyone who grew pubic hair, according to what was stated in the biography of Ibn Hisham and in Sahih Abi Dawood, from Attia al-Qurazi said: I was from the captivity of Bani Qurayza, so they looked at whoever grew the hair was killed, and whoever did not sprout was not killed, so I was among those who did not sprout, and in a narration they revealed my pubic and found it did not sprout, so they made me from captivity.
The spoils of the Muslims from Banu Qurayza
According to what is mentioned in the biography of Ibn Hisham from Ibn Ishaq and in the book "Al-Sunan al-Kubra" by Al-Bayhaqi that after the surrender of the Banu Qurayza, their wealth was shared, their wives and children were enslaved, and some of them were sold in Najd to buy horses and weapons, Ibn Ishaq said: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) divided the wealth of the Banu Qurayza and their women and sons among the Muslims, and he knew on that day the two arrows of the horse and the arrows of the men, and he took out the five of them, so the knight had three arrows, the mare had two arrows and his knight had one arrow. And to the man, who has no horse, an arrow. On the day of Bani Qurayzah, horses were thirty-six horses, and the first thing in which the two arrows fell, and five of them were taken out, so according to their Sunnah and the previous days of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), the maqasim took place, and the Sunnah passed in Maghazi. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) sent Saad bin Zaid Al-Ansari, the brother of Bani 'Abd al-Ashhal, with captives from the captives of Bani Qurayza to Najd, and he bought them horses and weapons.
source “بنو (توضيح) - ويكيبيديا”
