Al-Aqsa Mosque
The time of the Prophet Muhammad
The Buraq Wall , where the Prophet Muhammad tied his mount Buraq during his Isra and Mi'raj venture .
Al-Aqsa Mosque had a unique significance during the period of the Prophet Muhammad , as it was the principal Qiblah for Muslims after the Prophet Muhammad's movement to Medina in the year 1 AH , relating to 622 Promotion . Muslims would confront Al-Aqsa Mosque in their requests , and they stayed here for roughly 16 months.
Al-Bara' container Azib portrayed that he said: " When the Prophet, may God favor him and award him harmony, showed up in Medina, he asked toward the Blessed House for sixteen or seventeen months, and he wanted to confront the Kaaba, so God uncovered : " We have positively seen the turning of your face toward the paradise. So We will most likely go you to a qiblah with which you will be satisfied. So turn your face toward al-Masjid al-Haram. Also, any place you are, turn your points toward it. Also, for sure, the individuals who were given the Sacred writing realize that it is reality from reality." Their Master, and God isn't uninformed about what they do.
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[ Al-Baqarah : 144] ( 3 ) . ». قَدْ
نَرَىٰ تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ
فِي السَّمَاءِ ۖ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضَاهَا ۚ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ ۚ وَحَيْثُ مَا كُنْتُمْ فَوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ شَطْرَهُ ۗ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ لَيَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ ۗ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا يَعْمَلُونَ
144
Al-Aqsa Mosque was the objective of the Prophet Muhammad on the supernatural excursion known as the Isra and Mi'raj , the evening of the 27th of Rajab, a decade after the mission (3 BC), as Muslims accept that the Prophet Muhammad left the Holy Mosque joined by the Heavenly messenger Gabriel riding the Buraq , then, at that point, slipped into Al-Aqsa Mosque and attached the Buraq to the ring of the mosque entryway at the Buraq Wall , and drove every one of the prophets in supplication, then he climbed from the Respectable Stone to over seven sky, passing by the prophets: Adam , John, child of Zachariah , Jesus, child of Mary , Joseph, Idris , Aaron, Moses , and Abraham .
Islamic success
Principal articles: The victory of Jerusalem and the Agreement of Umar
At the point when Caliph Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq accepted the caliphate of the Muslims after the Prophet Muhammad , he sent the multitude of Usama receptacle Zaid to overcome the Levant overall and spread the Islamic call there. The Prophet Muhammad had arranged Usama's military before his passing, and Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq soon kicked the bucket , and Umar canister Al-Khattab expected the caliphate. The principal thing he did was to name Abu Ubaidah receptacle Al-Jarrah to lead the military that vanquished the Levant rather than Khalid canister Al-Walid . Abu Ubaidah container Al-Jarrah arrived at the city of Jerusalem (which was classified "Aelia"), yet it was hard for themselves and they couldn't vanquish it because of the strength of its walls, as its kin took shelter inside the walls. He blockaded them until they were worn out and sent demands for harmony and the acquiescence of the city easily. They specified that the Caliph of the Muslims himself come to Jerusalem to accept its keys from them. Umar canister Al-Khattab left Medina until he arrived at Jerusalem , in the year 15 AH comparing to 636 Promotion , and he gave its kin security and thought of them the Pledge of Umar . Patriarch Sophronius went with him to visit the Congregation of the Revival , and afterward took him to Al-Aqsa Mosque. At the point when he entered it, he said: " God is Perfect, this is the mosque that the Courier of God , may God favor him and award him harmony, depicted to us ." back then, it was a vacant level with the Vault of the Stone at its heart. Then, at that point, Caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab requested the development of the principal supplication lobby, which would be the primary spot of petition in Al-Aqsa Mosque. It is the site of the " Qibli Mosque " today, and is situated in the south, toward the qibla . During his rule, the mosque was a wooden mosque that could oblige around 1,000 individuals, and it stayed as it was until the hour of the Umayyad Caliph Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan .
Umayyad time
The mihrab of the Qibli Mosque in Al-Aqsa Mosque
After the foundation of the Umayyad state in 41 AH comparing to 661 Promotion by Muawiyah receptacle Abi Sufyan , he revamped the development of the Qibli Mosque inside the Al-Aqsa Mosque that was worked by Omar container Al-Khattab , making it of stone rather than wood, and extending it to oblige 3000 admirers.
A few Muslim antiquarians referenced in their diaries, for example, Mujir al-Noise , al-Maqdisi, and al-Suyuti, that the biggest development for the mosque occurred during the rule of Caliph Abdul Malik canister Marwan since 65 AH relating to 685 Promotion, alongside the Vault of the Stone , and went on during the rule of his child Al-Walid receptacle Abdul Malik until 96 AH comparing to 715 Promotion . The Umayyad development of the Al-Aqsa Mosque started with the development of the Vault of the Stone, which is a brilliant arch over the Honorable Stone situated in the core of Al-Aqsa (in the mosque, somewhat nearer toward the west), which addresses the most elevated point on the Blessed Mount, and it is accepted that the Prophet Muhammad's climb to paradise occurred from it, to be an arch for the whole mosque. Prior to beginning to fabricate it, a little vault was worked close to it in the center of Al-Aqsa Mosque, known as the "Vault of the Chain," to be the central command for those directing the development of Al-Aqsa, and a depository to gather the essential assets for that, and being a model for the Arch of the Rock was said.
Al-Aqsa Mosque, with the Al-Qibli Mosque on the left of the image and the Arch of the Stone in the center.
Tremor and recreation
In 746 CE , the Al-Aqsa Mosque was obliterated by a tremor. After four years, Al-Saffah ousted the Umayyad Caliphate and laid out the Abbasid Caliphate in 750 CE . After four years, Al-Saffah passed on in the wake of entrusting the caliphate to his sibling Abu Jaafar Al-Mansur . Al-Mansur reported his aim to fix the mosque, saying that the gold and silver plaques that covered the doors of the mosque ought to be taken out and changed over into dinars and dirhams to fund the remaking, which was finished in 771 CE. In 774 CE, a subsequent quake struck the mosque, obliterating the majority of Al-Mansur's remodels, with the exception of those in the southern piece of the mosque. In 780 CE , the mosque was reconstructed under Caliph Muhammad Al-Mahdi, who requested its development, diminishing its length and expanding its width.
In 985 CE , the geographer Al-Maqdisi noticed that the redesigned mosque had "fifteen porticoes and fifteen entryways."
The lectern that Nur promotion Commotion Zangi requested to be fabricated and was added by Saladin Ayyubi
In 1033 CE , the mosque was seriously harmed by another tremor . During the rule of the Fatimid Caliph al-Zahir, the harm was fixed and the mosque was redesigned somewhere in the range of 1034 and 1036 CE. The quantity of arcades was drastically diminished from fifteen to seven. During the rule of al-Zahir , the four arcades were worked from the focal lobby and the path that right now fills in as the groundwork of the mosque. The focal way was two times as wide as different paths. The Persian geographer Nasir ibn Khusraw portrayed al-Aqsa Mosque during his visit in 1047 CE:
"...The mosque is toward the east of the city and the market. At the point when a voyager enters it from the market , he travels east and sees an incredible, lovely patio, thirty cubits high and twenty wide. The patio has two wings, and its veneers and its lobby are completely engraved with mosaics fixed to mortar in the picture they need. It is of such accuracy that it amazes the eye. On this colonnade, he sees an engraving engraved in veneer. The title of the King of Egypt has been composed there. At the point when the sun falls on these engravings, they have a beam of light that confounds the psyche. Over the porch is a huge vault of cleaned stone. It has two enriched entryways, and their exteriors are… " Of Damascus copper that sparkles such a lot of that you would think they were plated with gold, and they have been trimmed with gold and enlivened with numerous etchings. The length of every one of them is fifteen cubits and its width is eight, and they are known as the Entryway of David, harmony arrive. At the point when the explorer passes this entryway, he finds on the right two huge porticoes, in every one of which are 29 marble sections, their capitals and bases enriched with shaded marble, and their joints are fixed with lead. On the capitals of the sections are stone curves, and they are raised one over the other without mortar or mortar. The quantity of stones in the curve doesn't surpass four or five pieces, and these chamber are The two porticoes reach out to In 1099 , the Crusaders caught Jerusalem during the Primary Campaign . Rather than annihilating the mosque , they renamed it the Sanctuary of Solomon. The Crusaders initially involved it as an imperial castle and pony stable. In 1119 , it was changed over into the base camp of the Knights Knight . During this period, the mosque went through a few underlying changes, including the expansion of the northern yard, the expansion of an apse (church specialty) and a separating wall. Another cloister and church were likewise based on the site, alongside different designs. The Knights Knight developed vaults and their extensions on the west and east sides of the structure; the western vault is at present utilized as a ladies' mosque and the eastern one is utilized as an Islamic historical center .
After the attack of 1187 Promotion, Saladin had the option to retake Jerusalem from the Crusaders , and many fixes and remodels were done in Al-Aqsa Mosque. To set up the mosque for Friday petitions , in the span of seven days of Saladin's recover of Jerusalem, the lavatories and grain stores introduced by the Crusaders in al-Aqsa were eliminated, just like the floors covered with valuable rugs, and the inside perfumed with rose water and incense.
Nur promotion Racket Zangi charged the development of a new minbar made of ivory and wood in 1168-1169, yet it was finished after his passing. Saladin added Nur promotion Clamor Zangi's minbar to the mosque in November 1187.
In 1218, the mosque's northern porch with three entryways was built during the rule of al - Mu'azzam, the Ayyubid king of Damascus . In 1345 , two naves and two doors were added toward the eastern side of the mosque, by request of the Mamluk ruler al-Kamil Sayf promotion Clamor Sha'ban ibn Qalawun .
After the Ottomans came to drive in 1517, they made no remodels or fixes to the actual mosque, yet they made a few increases to the Haram al-Sharif all in all. This remembered the development of the Qasim Pasha Wellspring for 1527, the rebuilding of the Raranj Pool , and the development of three unsupported vaults, the most conspicuous of which is the Arch of the Prophet, which was worked in 1538.
The Ottoman lead representatives in Jerusalem gave extraordinary consideration to the mosque and focused on it.
Current time
Al-Qibli Mosque in 1982 Al-Qibli Mosque in 2006
The primary remodel of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in the 20th century occurred in 1922 , when the Preeminent Muslim Committee under Amin al-Husayni (the Fabulous Mufti of Jerusalem) dispatched the Turkish modeler Ahmet Kemalitin to reestablish the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the landmarks in its patios. The Gathering likewise charged English modelers , Egyptian specialists and neighborhood authorities to add to and regulate the fixes and options, which Kemalitin completed somewhere in the range of 1924 and 1925. The redesigns included supporting the old Umayyad underpinnings of the mosque, adjusting the inside segments, supplanting the shafts and raising framework , reestablishing and saving the curves and the inside of the primary vault, revamping the southern wall, and supplanting the woods in the focal patio with substantial blocks. The remodels likewise uncovered mosaics tracing all the way back to the Fatimid time , as well as engravings on the inside curves that had been shrouded in mortar. The curves were enlivened with gold and green mortar , and the lumbers were supplanted with copper . A fourth of the stained glass windows were likewise painstakingly reestablished to safeguard their unique Abbasid and Fatimid plans . Al-Aqsa Mosque was seriously harmed by quakes somewhere in the range of 1927 and 1937, and the harm to the mosque was fixed in 1938 and 1942.
Mosque fire
Al-Aqsa Mosque fire and Intifada
On the morning of Thursday, August 22, 1969, an Australian radical named Michael Dennis Rohn put a match to the Al-Aqsa Mosque, making the whole top of its eastern segment breakdown . The platform of Saladin was likewise set ablaze , which Nur al-Commotion Zangi had requested worked prior to freeing the Al-Aqsa Mosque from the Crusaders and which Saladin set inside the mosque after the freedom.
Rohn remarked on the fire he had set , saying that he had trusted that consuming the Al-Aqsa Mosque would hurry the second happening to Christ, making ready for the modifying of the supposed Jewish sanctuary on the Sanctuary Mount.
Rohn was confessed to a psychological medical clinic, and in light of the occurrence, a highest point of Islamic nations was held in Rabat that very year, facilitated by Lord Faisal . The Al-Aqsa fire is viewed as one of the variables that roused the arrangement of the Association of the Islamic Gathering (presently the Association of Islamic Collaboration ), and in 1972 , the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the platform with it were reestablished, and Jordan embraces the rebuilding and fix of the two mosques on its own at whatever point important.
During the 1980s, Ben-Shoshan and Yehuda Etzion, the two individuals from the Spout Emunim underground, planned to explode the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Vault of the Stone . Etzion accepted that exploding two mosques would cause an otherworldly arousing in the Zionist substance and tackle every one of the issues of the Jews. Both Ben-Shoshan and Etzion communicated their expectation that the Third Sanctuary would be implicit Jerusalem, explicitly on the site of the Al-Aqsa Mosque.
On January 15, 1988, during the Main Intifada , Israeli powers shot elastic slugs and nerve gas at demonstrators outside the mosque, harming 40 admirers.
On October 8, 1990, 22 Palestinians were killed and in excess of 100 others were harmed by the "Israeli Boundary Police" during fights set off by the declaration of the "Sanctuary Mount" by a gathering of strict Jews who were headed to lay the foundation for the supposed Third Sanctuary.
21st hundred years
Al-Aqsa Intifada
A Palestinian Muslim peruses the Sacred Quran inside the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound in Jerusalem in 2013, as numerous Palestinians are as of now not ready to visit because of Israeli terminations.
On September 28, 2000, Ariel Sharon and individuals from his Likud party , alongside 1,000 furnished watches, visited the Al-Aqsa Mosque, starting an enormous show by Palestinians in dissent of the visit. Palestinians from the Sanctuary Mount started tossing stones at Israeli police. The police discharged nerve gas and elastic slugs into the group, killing four and injuring around 200, harming 24. The visit started a five-year uprising by Palestinians , alluded to as the "Al-Aqsa Intifada", and a few pundits, refering to later discourses by Palestinian Power authorities, especially Imad al-Faluji and Arafat himself, recommend that the uprising was arranged a long time before the visit, potentially in July or July upon Yasser Arafat's return from the Camp David talks .
With the episode of the third Palestinian Intifada, the Israeli occupation fixed limitations on passage to Al-Aqsa Mosque by indicating the times of admirers. Those under 45 years old from the West Bank are not permitted to enter the mosque without licenses, even on the most significant and holiest Islamic events like the sacred month of Ramadan . Concerning the occupants of the Gaza Strip , just few old individuals more than 50 years old are permitted to enter Al-Aqsa Mosque with extraordinary grants.
UNESCO Goal 2016
Palestine Goal
On October 14, 2016 , the UNESCO Leader Board's Panel on Projects and Outside Relations embraced a goal expressing that the association believes Al-Aqsa Mosque to be one of the Islamic heavenly locales, without referencing any verifiable connection among Jews and the mosque, and denouncing its continued raging by a few Israeli radicals and the Israeli armed force. This goal came because of a task presented by Algeria , Egypt, Lebanon , Morocco, Oman , Qatar, and Sudan . A few Islamic associations and bodies invited the goal, most outstandingly the Association of Islamic Collaboration , the Al-Azhar Observatory, and the Relationship of Muslim Researchers in Iraq, notwithstanding the public authority and Palestinian groups.
interestingly, Israeli sources said that the public authority is looking to relax the previously mentioned UNESCO goal, and that Israel is leading concentrated strategic contacts to mellow the phrasing of the goal. Different experts additionally said that this is a global affirmation that Jerusalem is an involved region, and that Israel should arrange with respect to it.
Prohibiting supplication in the mosque in 2017
e: Al-Aqsa Mosque emergency 2017
Israeli police inside the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound after the shooting that killed three of them.
On Friday, Shawwal 20, 1438 AH, comparing to July 14, 2017 Promotion , the Israeli police said that they had chosen to boycott Friday petitions at Al-Aqsa Mosque for that day and to close its entryways until additional notification, following a shooting assault that occurred on the morning of that very day, which prompted the suffering of three Palestinian young people and the killing of three Israeli cops close to Bab al-Asbat in Jerusalem. The previously mentioned police distributed a composed explanation in which it said that its leader in Jerusalem, Yehoram Halevy, had chosen to close the entryways of the mosque and proclaim it a tactical zone, forbidding admirers from entering it, notwithstanding the Old City of Jerusalem. This would be the initial occasion when the entryways of the mosque had been shut to admirers starting around 1969 Promotion, the day after the radical Jew Michael Dennis Rohan endeavored to torch the mosque. Interestingly, the workplace of Israeli Top state leader Benjamin Netanyahu said that the conclusion would be for one day in particular.
When this was reported, the Stupendous Mufti of Jerusalem and the Palestinian Regions, Sheik Muhammad Hussein, called for individuals to make a trip to Al-Aqsa and be available at the designated spots and in the squares to perform Friday supplications, and that's what he said "no power on earth will keep them from going to Al-Aqsa and performing Friday petitions there." consequently, Jewish associations and gatherings sent off an expansive mission of prompting against Al-Aqsa Mosque and the admirers, following the previously mentioned shooting activity. Individual from the Knesset from the Jewish Home Party, Moti Yogev, called for shutting Al-Aqsa Mosque to Muslims for an extremely durable period, and the Sanctuary Mount Association called for answering the Jerusalem activity by expanding the development of Jewish settlements and expanding the long stretches of raging Al-Aqsa.
The Israeli Appointee Pastor of Safeguard, Rabbi Eli Ben-Dahan, additionally said that the Jews should fortify their hold on Al-Aqsa Mosque and guarantee that each Jew can ask there securely consistently. Muslims ask at one of the doors of Al-Aqsa Mosque during a dissent against Israeli choices.
On 22 Shawwal 1438 AH, relating to 16 July 2017 Promotion , the Israeli specialists introduced electronic review doors at various Al-Aqsa entryways to upgrade their safety efforts, notwithstanding reconnaissance cameras to screen what's going on inside the mosque yards. Then, Israeli Priest of Interior Security Gilad Erdan declared the launch of the Asbat and Majlis entryways prompting the mosque, and yet that's what he said "Israel is the sovereign in the mosque, and the place of different nations isn't significant" and that "assuming Israel concludes to accomplish something in Jerusalem, it will execute it." The representatives of the Islamic Gifts would not enter the mosque and complete their work in challenge this Israeli move. The overall population additionally wouldn't consent to the Israeli measures and would not enter the mosque through these entryways. They accumulated before Bab al-Asbat to perform supplications and proclaimed a demonstration to forestall what is happening of Al-Aqsa Mosque from being changed into something almost identical to the circumstance in the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron and to for all time keep the electronic doors. The circumstance went on as such for a few days, as individuals of Jerusalem exhibited and proceeded their demonstration before the entryways of Al-Aqsa Mosque, during which there were a few conflicts with the Israeli police. On the fourth of Dhul-Qi'dah 1438 AH, comparing to July 27, 2017 Promotion, the Israeli police declared the evacuation of all the safety efforts it had presented and the arrival of the circumstance to what it was before the assault that prompted the killing of three cops. Festivities spread all through the city of Jerusalem in euphoria at the launch of the doors of Al-Aqsa Mosque, and petitions to God were held at their typical times inside the safe-haven that day. [ 66 ] A couple of days after the mosque was resumed, explicitly on the eighth of Dhul-Qi'dah 1438 AH, the top of the Jerusalem Worldwide Center, Hassan Khater, uncovered that the Israeli specialists had seized significant reports that were kept inside it, connected with the properties, blessings, and terrains of Jerusalem, during the time of its conclusion to Muslims. He cautioned of a significant debacle approaching around the Al-Aqsa Mosque, as Israel is preparing for messing with the records it has held onto to hurt the gifts, whose properties comprise 90% of the Old City, split between land, lands, and Islamic enrichments. Following this revelation, the Islamic Blessings Division in Jerusalem shaped a specialized council to stock how much lost and taken reports to make a move against Israel. Raging Al-Aqsa Mosque 2022
Primary article: Raging of Al-Aqsa Mosque (2022)
On the morning of Friday, April 15 , 2022, Israeli occupation powers raged Al-Aqsa Mosque , utilizing poisonous gas and sound bombs, harming something like 90 Palestinians .
Engineering The area of the mosque inside the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem .
Al-Aqsa Mosque is the region encircled by a rectangular wall situated in the southeast of the walled city of Jerusalem , known as the Old City. The region of the mosque is around 144 dunams and incorporates the Arch of the Stone and Al-Aqsa Mosque, as displayed in the connected photograph, and a few different milestones, numbering up to 200. Al-Aqsa Mosque is situated on a little level called the Moriah Level. The stone is viewed as the most noteworthy point in the mosque and is situated in the core of the Al-Aqsa Mosque.
The mosque's aspects are: 281 meters from the south, 310 meters from the north, 462 meters from the east, and 491 meters from the west. This region comprises one 6th of the region of the old town, and these limits have not changed since the mosque was first settled as a position of supplication , not at all like the Fantastic Mosque and the Prophet's Mosque, which have been extended a few times.
Al-Aqsa Mosque has four minarets: the minaret of Bab al-Maghariba, situated in the southwest; the minaret of Bab al-Silsila, situated in the western side close to Bab al-Silsila ; the minaret of Bab al-Ghawanima, situated in the northwest; and the minaret of Bab al-Asbat, situated in the northern side.
Al-Aqsa Mosque milestones
Primary article: Al-Aqsa Mosque milestones
Length: 1 moment and 30 seconds.2:30Tour of Al-Aqsa Mosque (Al-Qibli Mosque and Arch of the Stone Mosque)
Petitioning God rooms
The Al-Aqsa Mosque comprises of seven supplication lobbies or colonnaded mosques with a few extra little corridors on the western and eastern sides of the southern piece of the mosque. [ 36 ] There were 121 stained glass windows in the mosque from the Abbasid and Fatimid times . About a fourth of them were reestablished in 1924. The mosques are:
1 - The Qibli Mosque
Principal article: Al-Qibli Mosque
Al-Qibli Mosque, one of the main milestones of the favored Al-Aqsa Mosque. The Qibli petition corridor from within.
It is a roofed mosque finished off with a lead vault , situated toward the south of Al-Aqsa Mosque on the Qiblah side , subsequently its name "Al-Qibli". This mosque is viewed as the primary supplication lobby where the minister conveys the Friday petition message , and it is additionally viewed as the fundamental supplication corridor for men inside Al-Aqsa Mosque where the imam stands, and where the principal mihrab and podium are found. [ 69 ] The ongoing structure traces all the way back to the Umayyad period , when work started on its remodel by Caliph Abdul Malik receptacle Marwan , and was finished by his child, Caliph Al-Walid container Abdul Malik, between 86 AH - 96 AH relating to 705 - 714 Promotion . It initially comprised of 15 porticoes , then, at that point, it was reestablished subsequent to being presented to quakes that prompted its breaking, and its porticoes were abbreviated in the period of the Fatimid Caliph Al-Zahir li-Izz promotion Clamor Allah to 7 porticoes, and right now it comprises of a huge patio in the center and 3 porticoes on each side. The mosque has a high inner vault made of wood, bested by the really outer arch covered with lead boards . The region of the mosque is around 4 dunams , its length is 80m and its width is 55m, with a slight distinction between the length of its eastern and western sides. It has 11 entryways and can oblige around 5,500 admirers.
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